JURNAL TEKNIK KIMIA VOKASIONAL (JIMSI)

PENGARUH UKURAN PARTIKEL BIOARANG AMPAS TEBU TERHADAP KUALITAS BRIKET

2024-06-30T20:04:55+07:00

The energy source commonly used is fossil fuels but the availability of fossil fuels is decreasing over time. To overcome the limitations of fossil fuels, renewable energy sources are needed, one of which is biocharcoal briquettes from bagasse. Bagasse is a waste that is mostly produced from sugar factories. In 2021, the amount of sugarcane for sugar production is 2.350.809 tons with a total bagasse of 35-40%, which can be estimated at 822.783,15 tons.. Bagasse has a cellulose content of 52.7%, which has the potential to be used as raw material for making biocharcoal briquettes. One of the factors that affect the quality of biocharcoal briquettes is particle size. In this study, briquettes were made using biocharcoal from bagasse with variations in biocharcoal particle sizes of 20 mesh, 40 mesh, 60 mesh, 80 mesh and 100 mesh with the aim of determining the effect of particle size on the quality of the briquettes produced. The results of this study show that the smaller the particle size of the biocharcoal used shows the quality of briquettes is decreasing. The best biocharcoal particle size in this study is briquettes with a particle size of 20 mesh with moisture content values (6.14%), volatile matter levels (55.0374%), ash content (2.9498%), fixed carbon content (35.8728%) and calorific value (5417.52 cal / g).

A PENGARUH PELEPASAN PEKTIN PADA PROSES PULPING BATANG JERAMI DENGAN METODE SODA

2024-06-30T20:04:55+07:00

The pulping process is process of dissolving lignin and hemicellulose from lignocellulosic biomass from cellulose bonds. This research was carried out using 5 time variation, namely 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150. The different sample treatments were divided into 2, samples that did not release pectin with temperature variations of 80 , 90 , 100 , and 110 . Sample treated for pectin release at variying temperature of 80 , 90 , 100 , 110 , dan 120 . With the soda process method, NaOH is used for the lignin release process. High lignin levels will give the pulp a yellow color, so the lower the lignin release content, the pulp will be white, whereas the low lignin content is influenced by the presence of NaOH, the temperature used, and the length of time for cooking the pulp. In the experiments that have been carried out, the optimum conditions for making pulp from straw stems using the soda process were obtained on samples that were treated to release pectin with a cooking temperature of 120 with a total kappa number for each time variation in minutes of 3.59; 3.39; 2.39;1.99; 0.99.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK DAUN SUNGKAI (Peronema canescens Jack) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK EDIBLE FILM PATI KULIT SINGKONG (Manihot utilissima Pohl)

2024-08-05T12:14:30+07:00

Cassava skin has a starch content ranging from 44-59% which can be used as raw material for making edible film. Edible film is a thin layer to coat food as an inhibitor of mass transfer such as moisture, oxygen, carbon dioxide, aroma and also solutes in food. Edible film can also function as a carrier of active compounds from natural ingredients such as sungkai leaf extract which contains flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolics, steroids and tannins. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding sungkai leaf extract on the edible film characteristics of cassava skin starch. In this study, edible film was made by dissolving cassava peel starch and sorbitol in aquades, adding 1% citric acid at 70oC and sungkai leaf extract with variations in concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% (%v/v). The mixture is heated while stirring at a rate of 150 rpm for 45 minutes. Next poured on a mold size of 14 x 14 cm and oven at 60°C for 14 hours. The resulting edible film is tested for its characteristics with test parameters namely film thickness, water vapor transmission rate, water absorption, biodegradability and packaging. The results showed that the addition of 15% sungkai leaf extract was the best in its characteristics as a packager.

PENGARUH WAKTU DAN PELEPASAN PECTIN TERHADAP BILANGAN KAPPA PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN PULP DARI AMPAS TEBU

2024-06-30T20:04:55+07:00

Indonesia is a large country, so the need for paper in Indonesia is also quite high at 349 tons per year. If you cannot balance the availability of raw materials with the need for paper, it will have a negative impact, namely uncontrolled deforestation which will damage the environment. The choice of bagasse waste as the basic material for making pulp is because bagasse has a high cellulose content of 61.96% and lignin of 22.45%. So that sugar cane bagasse can be used as a basic raw material for making pulp. This research was conducted to determine the effect of time and pectin release on the kappa number in the process of making pulp from sugarcane bagasse. Making pulp by washing the bagasse then drying it, then making a blank solution and in the pulping process the cooking solution used in the soda process is a NaOH solution. NaOH solution with mixed variations of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% is put into a beaker until it weighs 20 grams, stirred thoroughly with a stirring time of 5 minutes, then heated with a heating time of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 minutes and using a temperature of 120℃. Then the cooked bagasse is removed and cooled to room temperature, then the residue and filtrate are filtered, then the pulp is washed with distilled water. After that, the pulp is put in the oven until dry and then titrated. The highest lignin content was 1.8925% at a pulping time of 30 minutes with a NaOH concentration of 10%. Meanwhile, the lowest lignin content was 1.2688% at a pulping time of 150 minutes with a NaOH concentration of 30%

PENGARUH MASSA ADSORBEN ARANG AKTIF DARI AMPAS KOPI PADA PEMURNIAN MINYAK JELANTAH

2024-08-05T11:30:00+07:00

Coffee grounds include waste from processing coffee beverages that have not been widely utilized. Coffee grounds have a large enough hydrocarbon content of 47.8-58.9% so that it has the potential to be used as raw material for making activated charcoal. In this study, used cooking oil was purified using activated charcoal from coffee grounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of activated charcoal adsorbent mass from coffee grounds on used cooking oil refining on moisture content, FFA content and peroxide number. Used cooking oil purification is carried out by adsorption using activated charcoal from coffee grounds which vary in mass, namely 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5 grams. The results showed that the mass of activated charcoal adsorbent from coffee grounds in used cooking oil refining affected water content, FFA content and peroxide number The best result of the effect of activated charcoal mass on used cooking oil purification was shown in a mass variation of 3.5 g with a percentage decrease in moisture content, FFA content and peroxide number respectively 25.17%, 49.25% and 41.64%.