Submissions

Author Guidelines

1. Scope and general requirements
Before submitting, authors should confirm that the manuscript falls within the Focus and Scope of BJEAS, reports original work that has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration by another journal, and complies in full with the BJEAS Article Template.
Manuscripts may be written in English or Bahasa Indonesia. English is strongly preferred to maximise international readership. Regardless of the language of the body text, every manuscript must include an English title, an English abstract, and English keywords. Manuscripts in Bahasa Indonesia should additionally provide an Indonesian abstract. Authors whose first language is not English are advised to have the manuscript checked by a proficient English speaker or a professional language service before submission; manuscripts with language that impedes comprehension will be returned without review.

2. Manuscript structure
Research articles must follow the IMRaD structure exactly as set out in the template:
1. Title — concise, specific, and reflective of the core contribution; maximum 20 words; no abbreviations or formulae.
2. Authors and affiliations — full names without academic titles, superscript numerals linking each author to an affiliation, complete affiliation (department, faculty, institution, city, country), and an asterisk marking the corresponding author with a valid institutional e-mail address. ORCID iD is required for the corresponding author and strongly recommended for all authors.
3. Abstract — a single, self-contained paragraph of 200–250 words covering background, objective, methods, principal results with key quantitative figures, and conclusion or implication. Citations, undefined abbreviations, and displayed equations are not permitted.
4. Keywords — four to six terms, separated by semicolons, arranged alphabetically, avoiding words already used in the title where possible.
5. Introduction — the broader context and significance of the research area supported by current data; a focused review of relevant prior studies identifying the specific gap; and a closing paragraph stating the objective of the study and, briefly, the approach taken. Typically 600–1,000 words.
6. Materials and Methods — sufficient detail for full replication, covering materials, data sources, sampling, experimental or computational design, equipment and software with version numbers, procedures, and the statistical or analytical treatment applied, including significance thresholds. Subsections should be numbered (2.1, 2.2, 2.3).
7. Results — an objective report of findings without interpretation, quantified wherever possible, presented in the same order as the methods and supported by figures and tables that are explicitly referred to in the text.
8. Discussion — interpretation of the principal findings in relation to the stated objective and the existing literature, explanation of mechanisms, comparison with prior studies including reasons for agreement or discrepancy, practical and theoretical implications, study limitations, and directions for future research.
9. Conclusion — 100–200 words restating the objective and the principal findings with concrete values, the contribution of the work, and any recommendation. No citations, and no material not already presented.
10. Acknowledgments — funding sources with grant numbers, institutional support, and individuals who contributed but do not meet the authorship criteria.
11. Author Contributions — a CRediT statement naming the specific role of each author.
12. Conflict of Interest — a declaration, or the statement that no conflict exists.
13. Data Availability Statement — one of the forms specified in the journal's Data Availability Policy.
14. Declaration on the Use of Generative AI — where applicable.
15. References — APA 7th edition, alphabetical.

3. Formatting specification (matches the BJEAS Article Template, must not be altered):
Page size A4 (210 x 297 mm), portrait, single column. Margins 2.5 cm on all four sides. Article title Cambria 17 pt, bold. Author names 10.5 pt, bold, with superscript affiliation numerals. Affiliations & corresponding author 8.5 pt. Section headings (level 1) Cambria 13 pt, bold, numbered (1., 2., 3. …). Subheadings (level 2) Cambria 11.5 pt, bold, numbered (2.1, 2.2 …). Body text Calibri 10.5 pt, justified, single spacing. Figure captions 9 pt, bold, centred, placed below the figure; numbered consecutively (Figure 1, Figure 2 …). Table captions 9 pt, bold, placed above the table; numbered consecutively (Table 1, Table 2 …). Table style three-line (open) format — no vertical rules; explanatory notes below the table introduced by "Note." Figures minimum 300 dpi; legible at print size; embedded in the text and also supplied as separate files if requested. Equations prepared in the Word equation editor or MathType, centred, numbered consecutively in parentheses at the right margin. Units SI units throughout; a space between the numeral and the unit (e.g. 25 kN, 3.5 m/s); decimal point, not comma, in English manuscripts. Length per section policy: research articles 4,000–7,000 words including references. File format .docx (Microsoft Word). PDF-only submissions are not accepted.

4. References
BJEAS uses APA 7th edition for both in-text citation and the reference list. Requirements: minimum 25 references for research articles and 60 for review articles; at least 80% of references must be primary sources — peer-reviewed journal articles or conference proceedings; at least 80% of references must have been published within the last ten years; every reference must include a DOI where one exists, formatted as a full https://doi.org/ link; self-citation must not exceed 20% of the reference list; citations to BJEAS articles are welcome but must be genuinely relevant; coercive citation is not practised by this journal; use of a reference manager — Mendeley, Zotero, or EndNote — is required; every reference in the list must be cited in the text, and every in-text citation must appear in the list.
Examples: Journal article: Rahman, A., Sutrisno, B., & Lee, C. (2023). Bearing capacity of shallow foundations on tropical peat stabilised with fly ash. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 45(3), 210–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jge.2023.03.007 — Book: Das, B. M. (2021). Principles of foundation engineering (9th ed.). Cengage Learning. — Conference paper: Wijaya, D., & Kurniawan, E. (2022). Hybrid PV-diesel sizing for remote riverine settlements in East Kalimantan. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Energy (pp. 112–119). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icae.2022.9812345 — In-text: single author (Rahman, 2023); two authors (Rahman & Lee, 2023); three or more (Rahman et al., 2023); direct quotation (Rahman, 2023, p. 215).

5. Submission procedure
1. Register on the journal website as an Author, or log in to an existing account. The corresponding author must register with an institutional e-mail address and an ORCID iD.
2. Download the BJEAS Article Template and prepare the manuscript in it.
3. Prepare two files: (a) the anonymised main manuscript, with all author names, affiliations, acknowledgments, and self-identifying references removed or replaced by [Author]; and (b) a title page containing the full title, all author details, affiliations, ORCID iDs, and the corresponding author's contact information.
4. Begin a new submission, select the appropriate section, and confirm each item of the Submission Preparation Checklist.
5. Upload the anonymised manuscript as the Article Text, and the title page, cover letter, ethical approval, and any supplementary material as separate components.
6. Enter the metadata in full: title, abstract, keywords, every author with affiliation, country, ORCID iD, and biography, and the complete reference list in the References field.
7. Confirm the submission. An acknowledgement e-mail with the submission ID is issued automatically.
Submissions sent by e-mail are not accepted. All correspondence takes place through the OJS platform.

6. Cover letter
A cover letter addressed to the Editor-in-Chief must accompany every submission and should state the title, the significance and novelty of the work, confirmation that the manuscript is original and not under consideration elsewhere, confirmation that all authors have approved the submission, any conflict of interest, and the names and contact details of at least three suggested reviewers who have no conflict of interest with the authors. The editors are not bound by these suggestions.

7. Proofs and post-acceptance
Corresponding authors receive a PDF proof and must return corrections within five working days. Only typographical and factual corrections are permitted; substantive changes, including the addition of new results or references, are not accepted at this stage. If no response is received within the deadline, the article will be published as set.