PEMANFAATAN SAPONIN DARI EKSTRAK DAUN BELIMBING WULUH YANG DIAPLIKASIKAN DALAM PEMBUATAN DETERGEN CAIR
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Abstract
Starfruit contains active substances including flavonoids, tannins and saponins which function as antibacterial and antifungal. One of the ingredients in starfruit leaves which is a surfactant and is often called a natural detergent which is useful as a cleaning agent is saponin. This research aims to determine the effect of particle size on saponin compounds from starfruit leaf extract which is applied in making detergent based on the quality requirements for liquid washing detergent for clothes according to SNI 4075-1:2017. Variations in particle size used were whole star fruit leaves; -14+18 mesh; -18+20 mesh; -20+70 mesh; -70+100 mesh. Maceration extraction used 70% ethanol solvent with a ratio of 1:8. The extract results were then tested for saponin identification and saponin levels using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. After making the detergent, a physicochemical evaluation was carried out including pH, specific gravity, and foam stability tests. The results of this research show that differences in particle size of the ingredients in the maceration extraction process had an effect on the saponin levels contained in starfruit leaf extract. The highest saponin content obtained was at a particle size of -70+100 mesh of 6.14%. The saponin contained in starfruit leaf extract functions as a natural surfactant so it could be used in making liquid detergent. The results of the research show that the liquid detergent from starfruit leaf extract meets the quality requirements of SNI 40751:2017.
Keywords: starfruit leaves, liquid detergent, saponin, particle size.
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