Pengaruh Rasio Mol dan Waktu dalam Proses Transesterifikasi Minyak Jelantah Menjadi Biodiesel dengan Katalis CaO/K2O dari Cangkang Telur Ayam
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Abstract
Minyak bumi, sumber energi utama dan devisa negara kita, semakin menipis. Fosil khususnya minyak bumi, merupakan sumber energi utama yang memiliki cadangan terbatas. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan energi alternatif seperti biodiesel untuk memastikan keberlangsungan energi. Salah satu bahan baku yang dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan biodiesel adalah minyak jelantah. katalis padat CaO/K2O adalah katalis yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan laju reaksi karena aktifitas katalitik nya sangat baik, sehingga proses transesterifikasi dapat berhasil menghasilkan biodiesel. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu reaksi dan rasio mol antara minyak jelantah dengan metanol pada pembuatan biodiesel berdasarkan standar SNI 7182:2015. Katalis dibuat dengan mengkalsinasikan cangkang telur ayam pada suhu 900 °C selama 3 jam, kemudian di impregnasi dengan KOH dan di kalsinasikan pada suhu 500 °C selama 5 jam. Proses transesterifikasi dilakukan dengan cara mereaksikan minyak jelantah dan metanol dengan perbandingan rasio mol 1:12 dan 1:15 dan variasi waktu 120, 150, 180 menit dari 100 gr minyak jelantah. Hasil biodiesel terbaik diperoleh pada variasi waktu 180 menit dengan perbandingan rasio minyak jelantah : metanol 1:12 dengan densitas 913,7 kg/m3, viskositas 2,60 cSt, % rendemen sebesar 71%, dan kadar metil ester 99,79% telah memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI 7182:2015) kecuali pada berat jenis.
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