EKSTRAKSI PEWARNA ALAMI DARI KAYU ULIN BERBANTUKAN ULTRASONIK
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Abstract
Pengolahan kayu ulin melalui proses penggergajian menghasilkan limbah berupa serbuk kayu sebanyak 10%. Uji fitokomia menunjukkan bahwa serbuk kayu ulin mengandung zat warna alami yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pewarna sintesis. Zat warna alami dapat diambil dengan proses ekstraksi. Salah satu metode ekstraksi modern yang dapat digunakan adalah metode ekstraksi ultrasonik atau disebut Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak transduser dan ukuran partikel pada ekstraksi zat warna alami dari serbuk kayu ulin berbantukan ultrasonik. Bahan baku berupa limbah serbuk kayu ulin dihaluskan dengan blender kemudian diayak dengan ayakan 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, dan 120 mesh. Sejumlah 20 gram serbuk kayu ulin ditambahkan pelarut etanol 96% sebanyak 250 mL dalam erlenmeyer kemudian diletakkan dalam reaktor ultrasonik. Selanjutnya mengatur jarak tranduser dan menyalakan ultrasonic generator. Ekstraksi dilakukan selama 20 menit kemudian hasil ekstraksi disaring. Filtrat didistilasi untuk memisahkan pelarut. Residu disentrifugasi selanjutnya dikeringkan dalam oven hingga diperoleh berat konstan dan dihitung rendemennya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui arak optimum transduser adalah 3 cm dengan rendemen 5,37%. Sedangkan ukuran partikel terbaik yaitu -120 mesh dengan rendemen 3,56%.
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