PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DENGAN TEKNIK IMOBILISASI SEL Saccharomyces cerevisiae DARI LIMBAH KERTAS HVS
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Abstract
Produksi kertas di Indonesia berdasarkan Balai Besar Pulp dan Kertas (BBPK) mencapai 12,98 juta ton/tahun. Kertas yang telah digunakan dan dibuang dapat menimbulkan masalah bagi lingkungan. Kandungan selulosa pada kertas sangat tinggi sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku bioetanol. Teknik fermentasi yang digunakan merupakan bioteknologi modern yaitu dengan metode imobilisasi sel. Metode ini menggunakan bahan inert yang tidak larut dalam substrat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh konsentrasi imobilisasi sel Saccharomyces cerevisiae terhadap kadar bioetanol untuk meningkatkan kadar bioetanol yang dihasilkan. Kertas dihidrolisis dengan HCl 2N untuk memecah selulosa menjadi glukosa yang akan digunakan sebagai substrat. Variabel penelitian yang digunakan adalah konsentrasi imobilisasi sel Saccharomyces cerevisiae yaitu 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25% (b/b) dalam substrat. Fermentasi dilakukan dengan sistem batch selama 4 hari. Imobilisasi sel Saccharomyces cerevisiae dibuat menggunakan Na-Alginat 10% dan CaCl2 7%. Konsentrasi etanol dianalisa menggunakan gas kromatografi dan analisa jumlah sel menggunakan gravimetri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi bioetanol maksimum pada konsentrasi imobilisasi sel 15%. Dimana konsentrasi bioetanol 8,1876% dan jumlah sel sebanyak 1,84 g sel/L.
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