HIDROLISIS AMPAS TEBU MENJADI FURFURAL DENGAN KATALISATOR ASAM SULFAT BERBANTUKAN GELOMBANG MIKRO
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Abstract
Tebu yang merupakan bahan proses pembuatan gula memiliki tingkat produksi yang tinggi di Indonesia. Hasil samping dari proses ini berupa ampas tebu yang jumlahnya mencapai 35–40% dari tebu gilingan. Pemanfaatan kembali ampas tebu masih belum optimal, padahal ampas tebu kaya akan pentosan dengan persentase 29,97% yang dapat diolah menjadi furfural dengan metode hidrolisis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi katalisator asam sulfat dan waktu hidrolisis dalam pembuatan furfural dari ampas tebu berbantukan gelombang mikro. Pada penelitian ini ampas tebu dikeringkan dan diayak dengan ukuran -20 +70 mesh. Proses dijalankan menggunakan 15 gram ampas tebu pada variasi konsentrasi asam sulfat antara 1,5 M sampai dengan 3,5 M sebanyak 450 mL dan variasi waktu hidrolisis antara 20 menit sampai dengan 40 menit. Campuran dihidrolisis dengan bantuan gelombang mikro berdaya 600 W 50 Hz. Hidrolisat disaring dan filtratnya ditambahkan dengan kloroform untuk memisahkan furfural dengan sisa asam dan air. Produk furfural dianalisa kualitatif menggunakan anilin asetat dan analisa kuantitatif dengan Gas Chromatography (GC). Berdasarkan hasil analisa kualitatif, perubahan warna sampel dari kuning menjadi merah menandakan terbentuknya furfural. Akan tetapi, konsentrasi furfural yang didapatkan masih belum diketahui hasilnya secara kuantitatif menggunakan GC.
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